Lac Operon
Operon An operon is a functional unit of DNA found in prokaryotes (bacteria) where a group of genes is regulated together as a single unit. These genes usually have related functions (e.g., breaking down a sugar or synthesizing an amino acid). An operon includes: Promoter Operator Structural genes Sometimes a regulatory gene (producing repressor) It works like a genetic switch that can turn ON or OFF depending on the needs of the cell. Operons help bacteria save energy by producing proteins only when required . Types of Operons Based on how they are regulated, operons are classified into two major types: 1. Inducible Operon Normally OFF , but can be turned ON in the presence of a specific molecule called an inducer . Inducible operons are usually involved in catabolic pathways (breaking down molecules). Example: Lac Operon Lactose acts as an inducer . When lactose is present, it inactivates the r...